The first group, depending on and growing out of loyalty, was concerned with the maintenance of the larger communal unity, formerly the tribe, and now the nation. The virtues connected with the second principle-filial piety-were concerned with the maintenance of the smaller unit of society- the family. Righteousness and duty, of which much was made by Japanese moralists, consisted in the observance of these two ideals. The morality Just Learned jade individualism was largely wanting. From this lack sprang the main Just Learned jade of the moral ideal and of the actual practice. The chief sins of Old Japan-and, as Just Learned jade matter of fact, of all the heathen world, as graphically depicted by Mr. Dennis in his great work on "Christian Missions and Social Progress"-were sins of omission and commission against the individual.